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Understand what “chili ceiling” means.
Peppers—Guizhou residents call them “haijiao.” The character “hai” reveals the mystery of its origins: this seasoning king, which has passionately “burned” its way onto dining tables across the country, is indeed an imported product that traveled across the seas. Its ancestral home is in the Americas. During the Ming Dynasty, it was introduced to China via maritime trade routes, first landing in Zhejiang and Fujian. Yet for a full century, Chinese people regarded it merely as an ornamental plant and medicinal herb—until, in the 60th year of the Kangxi reign, the local gazetteer of Sizhou (today’s northeastern Guizhou region) finally recorded: “Haijiao, commonly known as lahuo, is used by the local ethnic minorities as a substitute for salt.”
Come to Guizhou, and you’ll understand what “the chili ceiling” really means.
Chili peppers—Guizhou residents call them “haijiao.”
The single character “sea” unravels the mystery of its origins—this flavoring powerhouse, which has enthusiastically “burned” its way onto dining tables across the country, is indeed an imported product that traveled across oceans.
Its place of origin is in the Americas. During the Ming Dynasty, it was introduced to China via maritime trade routes, with its earliest landing points in Zhejiang and Fujian. Yet for a century long, the Chinese regarded it merely as an ornamental plant and medicinal herb—until the 60th year of the Kangxi reign, when the local gazetteer of Sizhou (today’s northeastern Guizhou region) finally recorded: “Chili peppers, commonly known as ‘spicy fire,’ are used by the local Miao people as a substitute for salt.”
Yes, Guizhou is precisely the first stop where chili peppers made their way onto Chinese dining tables.
Guizhou, a region that has never produced salt since ancient times, has enthusiastically embraced this high-yield seasoning and, over the course of four hundred years, nurtured it into a dazzlingly prominent culinary treasure of Guizhou.
Today, Guizhou’s chili peppers have already “made a stunning debut.” In 2021, the province of Guizhou cultivated a total of 5.71 million mu of chili peppers, accounting for one-tenth of the world’s total planting area. The chili pepper output reached 78.7 million tons, exceeding one-third of the nation’s total production!
Chili peppers have become a source of pride for the people of Guizhou, and the people of Guizhou harbor a deep, enduring bond with chili peppers—a bond that began in humble beginnings and has seen them through thick and thin together.
They eat three meals a day, from morning till night, and can’t go a single moment without chili peppers—but it’s not just about being relentlessly spicy and making everyone cry with heat. Roasting over fire, deep-frying, grinding into powder, fermenting... there are over a hundred different ways to prepare a single chili pepper, all aimed at bringing out its unique aroma to the fullest. Only when you visit Guizhou will you realize that chili peppers can be fragrant in such a dazzling variety of ways—and only then will you truly understand what it means to be the “king of spicy food.”
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Address: Food Industry Park, Economic Development Zone, Longli County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province